中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
科学精准有序迎春运******
【财经论语】
作者:甘家华(交通运输部规划研究院高级工程师)
春运被称为“人类规模最大的周期性迁徙”,关系亿万人民群众切身利益,关乎社会安定和谐。2023年春运是疫情防控进入新阶段后的第一个春运,是近年来情况最复杂、困难挑战最大的一次春运,科学精准、有力有序做好春运工作意义重大。
从客流规模看,2023年春运客流从低位运行快速反弹,客流总量大幅增长,预计客运总量将达20.95亿人次,较2022年同期增长99.5%,恢复到2019年同期的70.3%。目前,春运首日客流已达3473.6万人次,开始快速增长。从出行结构看,铁路客流占比预计为18%左右,其中长距离出行将明显增多;道路客运继续承担大量中短途出行任务,占比约80%。受居民消费升级、春节假期高速公路小客车免费等影响,自驾车等个性化出行比例将持续高涨,预计高速公路小客车日均流量约2620万辆。从客流构成看,群众累积的回乡过年需求集中释放,预计探亲流约占春运总客流55%,务工流约占24%,旅游流和商旅出行分别约占10%,目前热门旅游城市已出现预订高峰;多数高校春运前已放假,对客流总体影响较小。从时空分布看,节前以特大城市、省会城市向周边城市及主要劳务输出省市迁徙为主,节后则反向流动,长三角、珠三角和成渝等城市群人员流动较为密集。1月27日(正月初六)、2月6日(正月十六)前后将迎来客流高峰。
2023年春运将面临客流量高位运行、货运需求大幅增长、从业人员感染风险高、安全生产事故易发多发相互交织的形势和特点。一是春运客流大幅反弹。交通运输组织从低负荷状态迅速攀升到满负荷状态,将对交通运输运行管理、企业运营组织、服务保障能力水平等带来较大挑战。二是货运需求大幅增长。面对疫情“迎峰转段”新挑战,各地特别是农村地区对医疗物资需求加大,叠加今冬明春能源、粮食等重点物资,果蔬、肉禽等生活物资保障需求,干线运输、末端配送任务艰巨。三是疫情高峰与客流高峰交织,一线从业人员感染风险增加,实现客运枢纽不关停、线路服务不中断、物资运输不断链,保障行业持续稳定运行压力较大。四是交通运输安全生产隐患增多。2020年以来,受疫情反复冲击,客运场站、运输工具、从业人员长时间处于低负荷运行状态,加之春运期间易出现低温、寒潮、雨雪、冰冻等天气,交通运输安全生产面临传统风险与疫情衍生风险叠加的压力。
做好2023年综合运输春运工作,一是提高运输服务能力,确保旅客顺畅出行。运力调配方面,针对客流大幅增长重点线路和枢纽,提前科学安排班次计划,加大运力投放,做好运力储备。运输组织方面,加强不同运输方式之间、干线运输与城市交通间的客流、班次、时刻等衔接,避免发生旅客滞留。路网保畅方面,加强路网运行动态监测和信息发布,引导公众错峰避峰出行,提升异常情况处置能力,避免造成车辆拥堵。服务质量方面,积极关爱帮扶老幼病残孕等重点旅客,推广刷脸进站、扫码乘车等服务,提高进站和换乘效率,全力提升旅客出行体验,打造“暖心春运”。
二是强化物流保通保畅,确保重点物资运输。充分发挥物流保通保畅工作机制作用,保障交通“大动脉”和物流“微循环”畅通。医疗物资运输方面,加强供需对接保障,近期重点引导配送资源向农村下沉。末端配送民生保障方面,引导企业充实一线力量,保障上岗率,近期已有10余家骨干快递企业发布“春节无休服务”。重点物资保障方面,稳定煤炭铁路大通道运输,畅通11条公路运输主通道,落实北方四港优先安排电煤、LNG运输作业。
三是加强疫情防控处置,确保旅客放心出行。做好从业人员防护,保障一线人员防疫物资供应,落实《2023年春运期间防范和应对交通物流从业人员大面积感染新冠病毒工作指南》。提高突发疫情应急处置能力,建立从业人员轮岗备岗和跨区域调配等制度预案,确保突发情况下人员有序轮换、运力统筹调配。加强乘客个人健康宣传引导,旅行途中自觉戴口罩,主动不带病乘坐公共交通工具,最大限度避免疫情传播。
四是扎实落实安全生产,确保旅客安心出行。安全是底线、红线,更是生命线,要持续加强重点领域隐患排查治理。对所有投入春运的设施设备全面开展检查维护,坚决杜绝运输工具和设施带“病”运行,对所有投入春运的驾驶员开展安全培训,避免松劲懈怠、技能生疏等带来的风险。防范应对极端恶劣天气。建立气象快速通报和联动响应机制,完善应急预案,做好道路铲冰除雪、抢通保通、车辆分流引导,最大限度减轻可能诱发的次生灾害。
《光明日报》( 2023年01月12日 15版)